Hierarchical Control Strategy with Battery Dynamic Consideration for a Dual Fuel Cell/Battery Tramway

This paper proposes a hierarchical energy control strategy for hybrid dual fuel cell/battery tramway, combining online and offline optimization methods while considering the battery’s dynamic behavior. In upper layer, an band-pass filter-based extremum-seeking (BFESC) is employed to estimate reference power between cell system battery. addition, behavior considered penalty function of BFESC maintain its parameters within desired boundaries. middle requirement each calculated by using method called map search method. Finally, battery provide required DC bus through DC/DC converters, which are controlled PID controllers in lower layer. To verify effectiveness proposed strategy, simulation model built Matlab/Simulink. The results demonstrate that under management (EMS) can operate efficiently improving durability. efficiency when EMS was than 4% compared with non-constraint EMS. However, capacity loss could improve up 25.9% high-current high-SOC cases.